Quiz 6

1) Sebutkan kenpanjangan IMF dan fungsinya!
=> International Monetary Fund
Fungsi: Untuk menstabilkan perekonomian global.

2) Jelaskan BOP
=> BOP: Mengukur / mencatat semua transaksi antar negara penduduk dari semua negara

3) Jelaskan manajemen strategi Internasional
=> Untuk menganalisa lingkungan dalam memenangkan persaingan antar dua negara atau lebih

4) Alternatif strategi dalam strategi Internasional / manajemen

• Strategi tradisional
• Strategi global
• MNC

5) Apa perdagangan Internasional
=> Transaksi jual beli yang melibatkan dua negara atau lebih

6) Sebutkan teori - teorinya

• Merkantilism
• Absolute Advantage
• Comparative Advantage
• Comparative Advantage with Money
• Relative Factor Endowments

7) Bentuk - bentuk investasi

• Ownership Advantage
• Internalization
• Dunning's Electric Theory

8) Unsur - unsur budaya dan elemen - elemen budaya

• Struktur sosial
• Nilai
• Bahasa
• Komunikasi
• Behaviors
• Kasta
• Kekeluargaan

9) Sebutkan tiga teori tentang budaya

• Low contact
• High contact
• Culture cluster aproach

10) Empat sistem hukum

• Civil Law
• Common Law
• Religious Law
• Bureaucratic Law

11) Internasional bisnis dan bentuknya
=> Seluruh aktivitas bisnis yang melibatkan dua negara atau lebih

• Ekspor - Impor
• Investasi
• Performance of service
• Use of assets

Quiz 5

1) Jelaskan yang dimaksud perdagangan internasional?
=> Perdagangan internasional adalah transaksi jual beli antara 2 negara atau lebih.

2) Sebutkan teori-teori klasik tentang perdagangan?

• Merkantilism
• Absolute advantage
• Comparative advantage
• Comparative advantage with money
• Relative factor endowments

3) Firm based

• Country similitary theory
• Product life cycle
• Global strategic
•  

4) Teori investasi

• Ownership advantage
• Internationalization
• Dunning's electric

5) Komponen dari budaya

• Struktur sosial
• Nilai
• Bahasa
• Behaviors
• Komunikasi
• Individu
• Kekeluargaan
• Strata sosial
• Kasta

6) 3 teori budaya

7) 4 sistem hukum

• Civil Law
• Common Law
• Religious Law
• Bureaucratic Law

8) Globalisasi dan 2 komponen
=> Globalisasi adalah

• Market
• Product

9) Internasional Bisnis
=> Internasional bisnis adalah seluruh kegiatan bisnis yang melibatkan 2 negara atau lebih.

10) Bentuk-bentuk kegiatan bisnis internasional

• Ekspor - Impor
• Use of assets
• Performance of service
• Investment

The International Monetary System and The Balance of Payments

The Gold Standard

• Countries agree to buy or sell their paper currencies in exchange for gold on the request of any individual or firm and to allow the free export to gold bullion and coins
• Adopted by the U.K. in 1821
•  Created a fixed exchange rate

Exchange rates

• Exchange rate: price of one currency in terms of a second  currency
• Fixed exchange rate system: price of a given currency does not change relative to each other currency. - Under the gold standard, each country pegged the value its currency to gold

The Collapse of the Gold Standard

• Economic pressures of WWI
• Countries suspended pledged to buy or sell gold at currencies' par values
• Gold standard readopted in 1920s
• Dropped during Great Depression
• British pound allowed to float in 1931. - Float value determined by supply and demand

The Bretton Woods Era

• 44 countries met in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire in 1944
• Goal: to create a postwar economic environment to promote worldwide peace and prosperity
• Renewed gold stadard on modified basis (dollar-based)
• Created International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and International Monetary Fund

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development

• World Bank
• Goal 1: to help finance reconstruction of European economies. - Accomplished in mid 1950s
• Goal 2: to build economies of the world's developing countries

Objectives of the International Monetary Fund

• To promote international monetary cooperation
• To facilitate the expansion and balanced growth of international trade
• To promote exchange stability, to maintain orderly exchange arrangements among members, and to avoid competitive exchange depreciation
• To assist in the establishment of a multilateral system of payments

Membership in the IMF

• Open to any country willing to agree to  rules and regulations
• 184 country members as of August 2003
• Membership requires payment of a quota

Relevance of the IMF Quota

• Quota size reflects global importance of country's economy and political considerations
• The quota. - determines voting power. - serves as part of official reserves. - determines country's borrowing power

End of The Bretton Woods System

• Susceptible to speculative "runs of the bank"
• U.S. $ became only source of liquidity necessary to expand international trade
• Triffin Paradox: - foreigners increased holdings of dollars. - Increased holdings decreased faith in U.S ability. - Increased demand for redeeming dollars for golds
• IMF created special drawing rights (SDRs) - paper gold
• Bretton Woods system ended August 15, 1971

Post - Bretton Woods System

• Most currencies began to float
• Value of U.S. $ fell relative to most currencies
• Group of ten aggred to restore fixed exchance rate system restructured rate of exchane

International Monetary System Since 1971

• Development of floating exchange system
• Supply and demand for a currency determine its price in the world market
• Manage floats - Central Banks can affect supply and demand
• Legitimized in 1976 with the jamaica agreement

European Union

• Believed flexible system would hindle ability to create integrated economy
• Created European Monetary System to manage currency relationships
• ERM participants maintained fixed exchange rates among their currencies
• Facilitated creation and adoption of Euro

Other Post - World War II

• Plaza Accord
• Louvre Accord

International Strategic Management

International Strategic Management
Comperhensive and Ongoing management planning process aimed at formulating and implementing strategies that enable a firm to compete effectively internationally

Fundamental Questions

• What product and / or services does the firm intend to sell?
• Where and how will make it those product or services?
• Where and how will it sell them?
• Where and how will it acquire the necessary resources?
• How does it expect to out perform its competitors?

Factors Affecting International Strategic Management

• Language
• Culture
• Politics
• Economy
• Govermental Interference
• Labor
• Labor Relations
• Financing
• Market Research
• Advertising
• Money
• Transportation / Communication
• Control
• Contract

Sources of Competitive Advantage for International Business

• Global efficiencies
• Multinational Flexibility
• Worldwide Learning

Strategic Alternatives

• Home replication strategy
• Multidomestic strategy
• Global strategy
• Transnational strategy

Component of Int'l Strategy

• Distinctive competence
• Scope of Operations
• Resources deployment
• Synergy

Steps in International Strategy Formulation

• Develop a Mission Statement
• Perform a SWOT analysis
• Set Strategic Goals
• Develop Tactical Goals and Plans
• Develop a Control Framework

Levels of International Strategy

• Corporate Strategy
• Business Strategy
• Functional Strategy

Quiz 4

1) Apa yang dimaksud internasional bisnis?
=> Seluruh transaksi bisnis yang melibatkan 2 negara atau lebih.

2) Jelaskan yang dimaksud dengan bentuk internasional bisnis?

• Exports - Imports
• Performance of service
• Use of assets
• Investment

3) Jelaskan yang dimaksud 2 komponen globalisasi?

• Market

4) Sebutkan 4 dari sistem hukum dunia?

• Civil Law
• Common Law
• Religious Law
• bureaucratic Law

5) Dari sistem hukum diatas indonesia tergolong sistem yang mana?
=> Civil Law

Quiz 3

1) Apa yang dimaksud dengan Intenasional Bisnis?
=> Internasional bisnis adalah seluruh transaksi bisnis yang melibatkan 2 negara atau lebih. contohnya: Indomie mengekspor produknya ke beberapa negara.

2) Apa yang dimaksud dengan bisnis?
=>

Quiz 2

1) Jelaskan yang dimaksud dengan bisnis!
=> Bisnis adalah aktivitas-aktivitas yang memberdayakan segala sumber daya yang bertujuan untuk memperoleh laba.

2) Jelaskan yang dimaksud dengan lingkungan bisnis!
=> Lingkungan bisnis adalah segala sesuatu yang berasal dari dalam (internal) dan luar (eksternal) yang mempengaruhi bisnis tersebut.

3) Jelaskan yang dimaksud dengan manajemen!
=> Manajemen adalah kegiatan untuk mengorganisir, merencanakan, mengarahkan dan mengevaluasi semua sumber daya yang ada yang mengacu pada tujuan yang sama.

4) Jelaskan yang dimaksud dengan organisasi!
=> Organisasi adalah sekumpulan orang dalam suatu kelompok yang mempunyai tujuan yang sama.

5) Jelaskan yang dimaksud dengan etika bisnis dan tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan!
=> Etika bisnis adalah aturan atau norma yang sudah menjadi batasan-batasan bagi orang yang melakukan bisnis. Sedangkan tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan adalah hal-hal yang harus dilakukan perusahaan kepada stake holder agar mencerminkan perusahaan yang baik.